Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: Trehalose ameliorates oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress via selective autophagy stimulation and autophagic flux restoration in osteoarthritis development

doi: 10.1038/cddis.2017.453

Figure Lengend Snippet: Trehalose ameliorates OA in mouse DMM model. ( a ) Serum levels of trehalose in DMM mice treated with 2% or 5% trehalose. ( b ) Digital X-ray images of knee joints in four groups. Narrowing of joint space was indicated by white arrows, and the calcification of cartilage surface was indicated by black arrows. ( c ) Representative S-O staining of cartilage and H&E staining of synovitis in four groups at 8 week post-surgery (bar: 100 or 50 μ m). ( d ) OARIS scores of cartilage and the scores of synovitis in four groups. ( e ) Immunohistochemical staining of 8-OHdG, p62, cleaved caspase 3, cytochrome C and CHOP and TUNEL staining in the mouse cartilage (bar: 50 μ m). ( f and g ) Quantitation of immunohistochemical and TUNEL staining. All data represent mean±S.D. ( n =5). ## P <0.01, versus Sham, ** P <0.01, * P <0.05, versus DMM

Article Snippet: After 8 weeks of surgery, X-ray imaging was performed on all mice to evaluate the joint space and calcification changes of cartilage surface using a digital X-ray machine (Kubtec Model XPERT.8; KUB Technologies Inc.).

Techniques: Staining, Immunohistochemical staining, TUNEL Assay, Quantitation Assay